Which whitening effect is safer and more effective, including arbutin, vitamin C, or niacinamide?

Which whitening effect is safer and more effective, including arbutin, vitamin C, or niacinamide?

Arbutin

 α- Arbutin: α- Arbutin has good safety, whitening effect, and stability;

 β- Arbutin: cheap raw materials

Deoxyarbutin: poor stability and less use;

Whitening principle: Arbutin mainly blocks the production of melanin by inhibiting the activity of tyrosinase (an important enzyme in the process of melanin production), thereby achieving the effect of whitening the skin.

vitamin C

Vitamin C has a long history of being used for whitening, and it is also known as ascorbic acid because of its strong antioxidant ability, which leads to its instability and easy decomposition. So now its derivatives are commonly used. Adding an inert group to its active group makes it more stable. For example, ascorbic acid glucoside (AA2G), a derivative of vitamin C, is now added to whitening products on the market.

Whitening principle: The whitening effect of vitamin C is mainly due to its strong antioxidant ability. It can reduce the intermediate substance dopamine quinone in melanin synthesis to dopamine, blocking the oxidation chain generated by melanin, thereby inhibiting the formation of melanin and having a whitening effect.

The effects and principles of action that can achieve are as follows:

Whitening: The mechanism of action is achieved by inhibiting the transport of melanosomes from melanocytes to keratinocytes.

Oil control and pore reduction: can control the secretion of sebum and oil, shrink skin pores, and make skin texture more delicate.

If your skin does not have any special allergic reactions, the safety comparison of these three ingredients is: niacinamide<arbutin ≤ vitamin